[May '68 revolution and gender post-feminism]. / La revolución de mayo del 68 y el postfeminismo de género.

Gender was an important component in the May '68 revolution. However, what was originally proposed as an effort for equality and the defense of the legitimate prerogatives of women, evolved into a movement, gender post-feminism, which it set aside their real interests and needs, pursuing other, even contradictory, goals. This article tries to justify the previous statement, starting from some of the main currents of thought what were at the base of the revolution.

La revolución de mayo del 68 y el postfeminismo de género / May '68 revolution and gender post-feminism

La cuestión del género fue un componente importante en la revolución de mayo del 68. No obstante, lo que originariamente se planteó como una lucha por la igualdad y la defensa de las legítimas prerrogativas de las mujeres, evolucionó hacia un movimiento, el postfeminismo de género, que dejó de lado los intereses y necesidades reales de éstas, persiguiendo otros objetivos, incluso contradictorios. El presente trabajo intenta justificar la anterior afirmación, partiendo de algunas de las principales corrientes de pensamiento que estuvieron en la base de la revolución

Gender was an important component in the May '68 revolution. However, what was originally pro-posed as an effort for equality and the defense of the legitimate prerogatives of women, evolved into a movement, gender post-feminism, which it set aside their real interests and needs, pursuing other, even contradictory, goals. This article tries to justify the previous statement, starting from some of the main currents of thought what were at the base of the revolution

Maternidad subrogada y dignidad de la mujer / Surrogate motherhood and woman dignity

La maternidad por subrogación es una cuestión que afecta directamente a los derechos humanos y, en definitiva, a la dignidad humana. Por ello, si se quiere dar una adecuada respuesta a este tema, es imprescindible reflexionar sobre cómo dicha práctica afecta a la dignidad y a los derechos de las personas implicadas y, más en concreto, a la madre gestante. En este estudio se intenta mostrar cómo en relación a ésta última, la maternidad por subrogación contradice directamente algunas exigencias básicas de la dignidad humana, ya que, en definitiva, mercantiliza, instrumentaliza, cosifica, discrimina y disgrega la unicidad personal de la mujer gestante

Motherhood by subrogation is an issue that directly affects human rights and, ultimately, human dignity. Therefore, if we want to give an adequate response to this issue, it is essential to reflect on how this practice affects the dignity and rights of the people involved in it and, more specifically, the pregnant mother. This study tries to show how in relation to the latter, maternity by subrogation directly contradicts some basic requirements of human dignity, since it reifies, instrumentalizes, convert into an object of commerce, and disregards the personal uniqueness of pregnant women

[Surrogate Motherhood and Woman Dignity]. / Maternidad Subrogada y Dignidad de la Mujer.

Motherhood by subrogation is an issue that directly affects human rights and, ultimately, human dignity. Therefore, if we want to give an adequate response to this issue, it is essential to reflect on how this practice affects the dignity and rights of the people involved in it and, more specifically, the pregnant mother. This study tries to show how in relation to the latter, maternity by subrogation directly contradicts some basic requirements of human dignity, since it reifies, instrumentalizes, convert into an object of commerce, and disregards the personal uniqueness of pregnant women.

[Gender discourses and bioethics]. / Discursos de Género y Bioética.

The purpose of this paper is to present some of the contributions of the gender discourse to the bioethical debate, specifically in the field of nursing. At the same time, it will explain the contribution of the different feminist theories to the recognition and respect of human dignity. Basically, it will describe the three fundamental models in the gender discourse: the egalitarian model, the difference model, and the model of reciprocity or complementarity. The starting point is that even though the first two models have made significant contributions in the field of bioethics, they have nonetheless brought with them some deficiencies and reductionisms inherent in their thinking. The complementarity model, on the contrary, when properly understood, allows for the combination of the principles of equality and difference between man and woman, which places it at a much more enriching standpoint within the bioethical debate.

Discursos de género y bioética / Gender discouses and bioethics

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar algunas de las aportaciones del discurso de género al debate bioético y, de manera especial, al ámbito de la Enfermería. Asimismo, trata de valorar las contribuciones de las diversas corrientes feministas al reconocimiento y respeto del principio de la dignidad humana. En términos muy generales, se articula sobre tres modelos fundamentales de discurso de género: el igualitarista, el de la diferencia y el de la reciprocidad o complementariedad. La tesis de partida es que los dos primeros modelos, aunque han realizado importantes aportaciones en el campo de la bioética, también han trasladado a él algunas insuficiencias y reduccionismos inherentes a su pensamiento. Frente a ello, se defiende que el modelo de la complementariedad, adecuadamente entendido, permite compaginar los principios de igualdad y diferencia entre varón y mujer, lo cual le sitúa en una perspectiva mucho más enriquecedora para el debate bioético

The purpose of this paper is to present some of the contributions of the gender discourse to the bioethical debate, specifically in the field of nursing. At the same time, it will explain the contribution of the different feminist theories to the recognition and respect of human dignity. Basically, it will describe the three fundamental models in the gender discourse: the egalitarian model, the difference model, and the model of reciprocity or complementarity. The starting point is that even though the first two models have made significant contributions in the field of bioethics, they have nonetheless brought with them some deficiencies and reductionisms inherent in their thinking. The complementarity model, on the contrary, when properly understood, allows for the combination of the principles of equality and difference between man and woman, which places it at a much more enriching standpoint within the bioethical debate

[The principle of human dignity as the foundation of a global biolaw]. / El principio de la dignidad humana como fundamento de un bioderecho global.

The term dignity has many meanings. This is because it refers to a very rich reality, which can be viewed from different perspectives. Among these different meanings, highlights the understanding of dignity as an ethical and legal principle, which is the foundation of bioethics and biolaw. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this view of dignity. To do so, will be explained briefly the personist and utilitarian conceptions of the notion of dignity. Finally, as an alternative to the inadequacies of these views, it will be proposed an ontological conception of human dignity.

El principio de la dignidad humana como fundamento de un bioderecho global / The principle of human dignity as the foundation of a global biolaw

El término dignidad posee muchos significados. Ello se debe a que designa una realidad muy rica, que puede ser contemplada desde diversas perspectivas. Entre dichas acepciones, destaca la que entiende la dignidad como un principio ético-jurídico, fundamento de la bioética y el bioderecho. El objetivo de este trabajo es aproximarnos, muy someramente, a dicho sentido. Para ello, se expondrán, brevemente, las concepciones personista y utilitarista del mismo. Finalmente, y como alternativa a las insuficiencias de estas visiones, se propone la concepción ontológica de la dignidad humana (AU)

The term dignity has many meanings. This is because it refers to a very rich reality, which can be viewed from different perspectives. Among these different meanings, highlights the understanding of dignity as an ethical and legal principle, which is the foundation of bioethics and biolaw. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this view of dignity. To do so, will be explained briefly the personist and utilitarian conceptions of the notion of dignity. Finally, as an alternative to the inadequacies of these views, it will be proposed an ontological conception of human dignity (AU)

[An approach to the legal and ethical problem of surrogate motherhood]. / Aproximación a la Problemática Etica y Jurídica de la Maternidad Subrogada.

Surrogate motherhood is an issue which currently gives rise to considerable complexity. Some consider that it is a justifiable practice which should be permitted by law. However, western legal systems have traditionally understood that whereas objects can be traded freely, persons, including the human body, its organs and most essential functions, cannot be the object of commerce. This means that the freedom of the individual to make contracts for mutual benefit is limited. Regarding the child, legalization of surrogate motherhood means converting the parent-child relationship into a commercial relationship, since in the last instance this would depend on a financial transaction. Moreover, experience has shown that the child is left in a very vulnerable position, since his or her situation depends on the clauses set forth in the contract, which in no sense guarantees that his or her interests and rights will be protected. For all these reasons, we must conclude that the wish on the part of infertile couples should be taken seriously by society. However, not all desires that adults have should be regarded as rights, particularly if this is detrimental to the dignity and rights of other subjects involved, particularly those of vulnerable women and their children.

El derecho a la objeción de conciencia en el supuesto del aborto. De la fundamentación filosófico-jurídica a su reconocimiento legal / El derecho a la objeción de conciencia en el supuesto del aborto. De la fundamentación filosófico-jurídica a su reconocimiento legal

La objeción de conciencia consiste en el incumplimiento de una obligación de naturaleza legal, cuya realización produciría en el individuo una grave lesión de la propia conciencia. Desde los mismos orígenes del Estado de Derecho, el respeto a la libertad de conciencia ha sido considerado uno de los derechos más fundamentales, ya que se presupone que la libertad y la dignidad humanas se encuentran por encima del mismo Estado. El derecho a la objeción de conciencia puede entenderse como la dimensión externa de la libertad ideológica y de conciencia. Este derecho, pilar esencial en todo Estado de Derecho, posee especial relevancia en el debate bioético, al tratarse de una vía muy adecuada para solucionar, en un sistema democrático, los inevitables conflictos que genera la tensión entre legalidad y justicia. En las últimas décadas, el derecho a la objeción de conciencia ha desarrollado toda su virtualidad en aquellos países en los que se han aprobado leyes despenalizadoras del aborto. Las profesiones sanitarias tienen un horizonte y un sentido claros: el cuidado y el respeto de la vida, la salud y la integridad de todos los seres humanos. En consecuencia, cuando una norma legal vulnera o contradice este principio, surgen sólidas razones para fundamentar el derecho a la objeción de conciencia de los sanitarios.